Virtual Labs

a: To increase the heart rate of the patient b: To remove unwanted noise and artifacts while preserving clinically important cardiac waveforms (P, QRS, T) c: To change the morphology of the ECG arbitrarily d: To amplify only the R-peak amplitude

Baseline wander in an ECG recording is characterized by:

a: Sharp random spikes superimposed on the ECG b: Low-frequency drift (0.6–0.7 Hz) caused mainly by patient respiration and movement c: 50/60 Hz sinusoidal noise from mains interference d: High-frequency oscillations above 100 Hz

A HIGH-PASS FILTER (HPF) is primarily used in ECG preprocessing to:

a: Remove high-frequency EMG muscle noise b: Remove baseline wander and very low-frequency drift (below ~0.5 Hz) c: Isolate only the QRS complex d: Eliminate 50/60 Hz power-line interference

A LOW-PASS FILTER (LPF) in ECG signal processing primarily helps in:

a: Removing slow baseline drift (baseline wander) b: Attenuating high-frequency noise such as muscle activity (EMG) and motion spikes c: Eliminating DC offset or mean value d: Removing only 50/60 Hz interference

Compared to Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, a key advantage of FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters in ECG applications is:

a: FIR filters always require fewer mathematical operations b: FIR filters can be designed to have exactly linear phase, which preserves the waveform shape and avoids phase distortion c: FIR filters automatically remove only power-line interference d: FIR filters eliminate the need for notch filtering

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