Virtual Labs

a: Very sharp, random spikes scattered throughout the signal b: The entire ECG waveform slowly drifting up and down over a period of several seconds c: Only the R-peak becoming progressively taller d: The signal becoming completely flat with no waveform variation

After applying a high-pass Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of ~0.5 Hz, the most expected result is:

a: Complete loss of QRS complexes b: Reduction of baseline drift while preserving ECG morphology c: Removal of only 50 Hz interference d: Severe waveform distortion

Increasing the order of a Butterworth filter mainly results in:

a: Wider transition band b: Sharper roll-off and better stopband attenuation c: Loss of cutoff control d: Phase linearity

Why is a 0.5–40 Hz band-pass filter widely used in ECG preprocessing?

a: It isolates power-line noise only b: It preserves ECG information while removing low- and high-frequency noise c: It blocks QRS energy d: It eliminates phase distortion

When designing a window-based FIR filter using the windowing technique, how do the main-lobe width and side-lobe level of the chosen window function primarily affect the filter’s frequency response?

a: Main-lobe width controls computational speed, while side-lobe level determines filter stability b: Main-lobe width determines the sharpness of the transition band, while side-lobe level controls stopband attenuation and spectral leakage c: Main-lobe width fixes the cutoff frequency exactly, while side-lobe level sets the filter order d: Both main-lobe width and side-lobe level affect only the phase response of the filter

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